After experiencing my first root canal last year, and the excruciating sensitivity that came along with it, I am particularly sensitive (pun intended) to this topic. However, not all tooth sensitivity means you’re for doom and gloom. Often, there’s an easy fix without ever stepping foot into a dentist’s office. Here, leading dentists share the reasons why you may have sensitive teeth and how to reduce it.
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Tooth Sensitivity: The Main Reasons Why It Happens
According to Chicago cosmetic dentist Nathan Hoffman, DDS, tooth sensitivity often stems from the gradual exposure of the underlying dentin. “Dentin is the porous layer beneath the enamel that contains tiny nerve-filled tubules. When these tubules are exposed, sensations from hot, cold, sweet or acidic foods travel directly to the nerve, triggering discomfort or pain.”
New York cosmetic dentist Irene Grafman, DDS says that the main cause of sensitive teeth is usually periodontal disease (aka gum disease), which leads to bone loss. “The gums recede and expose dentin.” Another common culprit is enamel erosion caused by acidic foods and drinks that weaken the enamel’s protective barrier over time. Gum recession is also a precursor for sensitivity. “Whether it’s due to aging, aggressive brushing or gum disease, recessed gums can also expose the root surface, which lacks the protective enamel,” adds Dr. Hoffman. “This makes teeth more vulnerable to sensitivity as well.”
Tooth decay and cavities also contribute to the issue. “Bacteria erode the enamel, creating direct pathways to the nerves,” Dr. Hoffman explains. “Chips and cracks can also expose inner layers, creating discomfort. We see tooth sensitivity in patients who grind their teeth, too, as the constant pressure wears down enamel.” Dr. Grafman agrees. “Another cause of sensitivity that isn’t talked about as often is a bad bite,” says Dr. Grafman. “If your bite is off and you are grinding your teeth, it can also lead to recession.”
Galway, Ireland dentist Dr. Lisa Creaven says those who experience stomach issues, such as acid reflux or indigestion, may be at risk, too. “These issues often cause wearing of the enamel on the back of the teeth. Because this happens on the back, you don’t always see the signs until it has progressed to the point that your tooth may chip.“
Are Sensitive Teeth Hereditary?
They can be, but not always. “Sensitivity is normally associated with diet and lifestyle rather than genetic factors,” says Dr. Creaven. “However, as we know, diet and lifestyle factors often run in families.” Nevertheless, Dr. Hoffman adds that genetics can influence tooth sensitivity by affecting enamel thickness, gum recession and conditions like bruxism. Some people inherit a naturally thinner enamel, making them more prone to sensitive teeth. Indirectly, genetic factors also impact saliva production, which help to protect and remineralize the teeth.”
How to Make Your Teeth Less Sensitive
In many cases, tooth sensitivity can be managed or even reversed, depending on the cause, says Dr. Hoffman.
Swap Your Toothpaste
“If sensitivity arises from using a harsh whitening toothpaste, switch to a desensitizing toothpaste,” Dr. Hoffman says. “Or, choose an enamel-strengthening formula with fluoride, which can help rebuild and protect your enamel. These toothpastes work by blocking exposed nerve pathways and promoting remineralization.” Dr. Creaven recommends her Made By Dentists products, which contain potassium nitrate. “This ingredient is clinically proven to reduce sensitivity,” she explains. “My tip as a dentist is to use these toothpastes especially at nighttime and not to rinse after brushing. You can also apply a little extra on your baby finger, smear it onto your teeth along the gum line and let it soak in overnight. This works really well to block the tiny little nerve endings, as the potassium nitrate blocks signals from your dental nerves to your brain.”
You may also need to swap your toothbrush. “Use a sonic toothbrush,” advises Dr. Creaven. “Manual toothbrushes are often used in a much rougher way, which can cause enamel loss and gum recession. Sonic brushes are often more thorough but gentle, which protects tooth enamel more.”
Cut Back on Acidic Foods and Drinks
Dr. Hoffman recommends reducing your intake of acidic foods and drinks, such as citrus fruits, tomatoes, coffee and wine. You should also try to eliminate carbonated drinks, like soda (especially those containing citric or phosphoric acid) and sparkling water. Or, if you must drink them, Dr. Creaven suggests doing so through a straw to limit their exposure to your teeth.
When to See a Dentist About Sensitivity
“I recommend seeing a dentist if the pain from sensitivity persists or worsens despite some of the recommendations above,” says Dr. Hoffman. “Also, if you are experiencing sharp, sudden pain, especially local to one tooth, it may indicate nerve exposure or infection that requires intervention.”
If the sensitivity is caused by periodontal disease and bone loss, Dr. Grafman says “it can be improved by gum repositioning surgery to cover up the dentin. If the recession is severe or there is also an indentation in the tooth below the enamel, you should see a dentist to fill the indentation and discuss options to prevent further recession. When poor occlusion is the cause, it’s important to correct your bite to prevent further problems and grinding.” Oftentimes, Dr. Creaven adds, it’s as simple as wearing a nightguard.
